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Background:Dengue (pronounced Dengee) fever is a painful, debilitating mosquito-borne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses. Aim of the study was to study radiological features of dengue fever in cases and control.Methods:Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group study conducted among 100 seropositive dengue patients,18-60 years of age (fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria) at Lala Lajpat Rai hospital, Kanpur for December2019 October 2021. Selected patients were subjected to history, examination, necessary investigations and then were managed according to national vector borne disease control programme (NVBDCP) guidelines. A total of 100 serology proven dengue patients were included and followed up. Two groups (fifty in each) were allocated by simple first and then systematic random sampling. Case group was given doxycycline and control group was given placebo. Results:USG findings commonly seen in both the cases and control group were hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ascites right pleural effusion, thickened GB wall and edema. In both the groups, pleural effusion was the most common complication.Conclusions: Ultrasound examinations detected plasma leakage in multiple body compartments around time of defervescence. Presence of plasma leakage in form of ascites and pleural effusion was more in control group as compared to case group seems doxycycline decrease the plasma leakage. Pleural effusion is most common finding ofplasma leakage.
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Aim: The present study aimed to assess the phytoextraction potential of plant geranium (CIM BIO-171) to remove metals from sewage sludge and to investigate the growth, yield and quality of essential oil of this aromatic plant grown in contaminated sludge.Methodology: The experiment was conducted at research farm of CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow during 2017-18 in vertical cemented column pots dug into soil. Six treatment groups of sewage sludge and soil were taken with four replication, i.e., T1-100% sewage sludge, T2-80% sewage sludge + 20% soil, T3-60% sewage sludge + 40% soil, T4-40% sewage sludge + 60% soil, T5-20% sewage sludge + 80% soil and T6-soil (only soil). Experimental soil was analysed at pre-harvest and post-harvest stage for soil characters. All plant attributes were recorded at the time of harvesting. Results: Result of the present study showed reduction in the heavy metals in the soil at harvest in comparison to the contents observed in soil at initial stage. All the parameters of growth, yield, biomass and essential oil were found to increase with the application rate of sewage sludge in geranium (CIM BIO-171). Interpretation: The results of the present study clearly indicate the phytoextraction capability of geranium plant (CIM BIO-171). Furthermore, the plants grown in contaminated sludge has all the beneficial impact on growth, yield and quality of essential oil.
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Introduction: Back pain is one of the most common reasonsfor the patients to seek emergency care. Caudal-ESI is both thesafest and the easiest epidural injection, and it does not alwaysrequire fluoroscopic guidance. Transforaminal ESI seems tobe more effective at reducing pain, improving functionality,and preventing spinal surgery, based on the data reported inprevious studies and systematic reviews. Hence; under the lightof above mentioned data the present study was undertaken forassessing and comparing the efficacy of Transforaminal andCaudal Epidural Steroid Injections Outcome for the treatmentin patients with chronic low back pain.Material and methods: A total of 20 patients with chroniclow back pain who underwent treatment with Transforaminalor caudal epidural steroid injection were enrolled in thepresent study. Patients belonged to the age group of 20-75years of age. All the patients were divided into two groupswith 10 patients in each group as follows: Group 1 includedpatients who were given injections through Transforaminalroute, while group 2 included patients who were giveninjections through caudal route. Pain relief after the epiduralsteroid injection using Visual analogue scale (VAS). Clinicalprofile of the subjects was obtained and details were filled in aproforma. All the results were summarized in Microsoft excelsheet and were analyzed by SPSS software.Results: Mean VAS at Pre-injection, Immediate Postinjection, Post-injection 1 month and Post-injection 3 monthfor subjects of group 1 was found to be 7.5, 4.3, 3.5 and 3.4respectively. Mean VAS at Pre-injection, Immediate Postinjection, Post-injection 1 month and Post-injection 3 monthfor subjects of group 1 was found to be 7.2, 5.1, 4.1 and 4.2respectively. While comparing the mean VAS among thepatients of both the study groups, at different post-treatmenttime intervals, significant results were obtained.Conclusion: Transforaminal approach demonstrated superioreffectiveness and should be performed with increasingfrequency.
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Background: Ultrasound guided TAP block is safe, simple and effective method of providing postoperative analgesia in surgeries involving abdominal wall incision by blocking anterior branches of thoracolumbar nerves originating from T6-L1. Our aim to study the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and clonidine as an adjunct to levobupivacaine in ultrasound guided TAP block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing TAH.Methods: Prospective, double blind randomized control study. Ninety ASA I and II patients scheduled for TAH were randomly assigned in a double blinded study and divided into three groups. Group L received 18ml of 0.25% levobupivacaine+2ml of NS to make total volume of 20ml on each side. Group LC and Group LD received 18ml of 0.25% levobupivacaine + 1 mcg/kg of clonidine or dexmedetomidine diluted in NS to make total volume of 20ml on each side. USG guided TAP block was given when subarachnoid block level regressed to T10 level. Postoperatively patients were assessed for pain scores, HR, SBP, DBP, nausea vomiting, sedation and satisfaction scores at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 12 and 24 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software 17. p value<0.05 was considered significant.Results: Pain scores were significantly lower in LD and LC groups as compared to L group and demand for first rescue analgesic was delayed in LD group (491.50±73.29min) and group LC (268.00±35.47min) as compared to group L (129.17±10.67min). The total number of demand doses in 24 hours were significantly less in group LD (1.00±0.00) followed by group LC (2.03±0.18) and group L (2.77±0.57) respectively. Incidence of hypotension, bradycardia and sedation was more in LD group as compared to LC and L groups.Conclusions: TAP block with dexmetomidine as an adjunct to levobupivacaine provides prolonged postoperative analgesia as compared to clonidine as an adjunct and plain levobupivacaine.
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Hypothyroidism is a syndrome resulting from thyroid hormone deficiency or rarely inefficacy. It is a common endocrinological problem affecting especially women and the elderly. Thyroid hormones play an important role in synthesis, metabolism and mobilization of lipids. One of the most important symptoms of hypothyroidism is weight gain or inability to lose weight. The rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity in the past 20 to 30 years emphasizes the important role of lifestyle and environmental factors, because genetic changes could not have occurred so rapidly. Obesity is a complicated process that depends on signals of satiety and hunger, genetics, endocrine abnormalities, and other factors. Our study purposes to investigate the relationship between BMI and thyroid function in patients of subclinical hypothyroidism. Objective of this study is to correlate thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) and body mass index (BMI) in male and female patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. This cross sectional study included 42 Subclinical hypothyroid patients, both males and females between 20-45 years of age and without a history of alcohol or tobacco consumption, history of any cardiovascular disorders or diabetes mellitus and any drug history like corticosteroids, beta blockers. and TSH test estimated by VITROS 5600 integrated analyzer and correlated with body mass index. The results showed a positive Correlation analysis in subclinical Hypothyroid males between BMI and TSH, (r= 0.47), which was found to be statistically significant (p=0.02*) in case of subclinical Hypothyroid females the results indicated positive correlation between BMI and TSH (r= 0.58) which was found to be statistically significant (p=0.005*). A strong positive correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH).
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Background: A meniscal tear is the most common injury to theknee, occuring from both athletic events and activities of dailyliving. Generally, the results of repair have been good, withhigh long-term success rates. This study aims to compare thefunctional result of arthroscopic meniscal repair andarthroscopic meniscectomy.Materials & Methods: This study was carried out in theDepartment of Orthopaedics, Mahatma Gandhi MedicalCollege and Hospital, Jaipur for comparing the functionaloutcome of arthroscopic meniscectomy and meniscal repair. 47of Meniscectomy and 35 of Meniscal Repair was done in ourstudy. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (Statisticalpackage for Social science) 16.0 software. Categoricalvariables are expressed as frequencies and percentages.Results: Our study showed that the mean age for MeniscalRepair was 32.86 vs 29.89 for Meniscectomy. There was nosignificant gender specific difference while comparing bothgroups with a p-value of 1.0. The mean follow-up for both thegroups were same of 1.2 years with a non-significant p-value of0.78. The duration of surgery was 84.5 minute in meniscalrepair as compared to 45.6 minute. There is significantdifference in surgical time required with p-value of 0.0001. Nosignificant differences for Lysholm Score and Tegner activitylevel reduction, hkss, womac and vas scores in such a shortterm follow up.Conclusion: We concluded that more randomized studies withlarger sample sizes and longer follow-up are needed to furthershow the benefits of meniscal repair in terms of patientsperceptions of the outcome and prevention of posttraumaticosteoarthritis.
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Background: The study was conducted to evaluate and compare the protective effects of spironolactone (alone) and its effects along with ACE inhibitor (ramipril) on diabetics (30-70year) in relation to proteinuria and state of diabetic nephropathy.Methods: A comparative, prospective, non-randomized, non-blinded experimental study was conducted on 56 patients (30-70year) of diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus showing proteinuria. Total duration of study was about one year from October 2017 to October 2018. Patients were divided in two groups, group A (n=28, spironolactone 25mg and ramipril 5mg) and group B (n=27, spironolactone 25mg). Subjects were followed over 12weeks and baseline and 12-week urine ACR being compared.Results: Both the group after receiving respective drug were followed for 3month duration and response were assessed by measuring urine ACR value at end of 3months. Mean values of baseline and follow up urine ACR for group A and group B were 471.5±465.62, 244.66±237.54 and 474.88±438.94, 268.42±268.16 respectively, P value found to be >0.05 at 95%C.I. It was observed that percentage reduction of urine ACR were 48% and 43.47% in group A and group B respectively.Conclusions: In the study, it was concluded that spironolactone had significant effect over proteinuria reduction over follow up period in patient with diabetic nephropathy though there was no additional statistically significant advantage of addition of spironolactone and ACE inhibitor over proteinuria reduction. Significant reduction of proteinuria occurred in both group A and group B over 12weeks follow up period, 48 % reduction in group A and 43.47% in group B. This difference proved statistically not significant after applying independent t-test.
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Introduction: Aims: To identify the Anorectal malformations patients in North Indian region and then study the karyotype of these patients to evaluate cytogenetic aberrations and then correlate it with the maternal age. Subjects and Methods: Forty eight patients of anorectal malformation were selected from Department of Paediatric Surgery, KGMU, UP, Lucknow. Blood samples were collected and their cytogenetic study was done in the Department of Anatomy, KGMU-U.P, Lucknow. Karyotypes obtained were further analysed. Results: Out of 48 children enrolled in the study, karyogram could be obtained for 45 cases (93.75%). Maternal age at the time of birth of the child was <30 years in 91.1% cases. There were only 8.9% women who were >30 years of age at the time of birth of the child. However, proportion of those with anomalies was significantly higher in >30 years age group (75%) as compared to that in <30 years age group (2.4%). Conclusion: Although low maternal age was found most commonly, but number of cases with chromosomal anomalies was reported more in >30 years of age, which could be due to increased risk of congenital anomalies and malformations with advanced age.
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Perianal tuberculosis, without the presence of any previous or active pulmonary infection, is extremely rare. A wide range of differential diagnosis for perianal ulcers might be one reason for a possible delay in establishing this diagnosis.
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BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: As isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in culture requires a long time, there is a need for simple rapid method for direct detection of M. tuberculosis from clinical specimens. Amplified nucleic acid hybridization assays such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have shown promising results. In the present study, the sensitivity of PCR assay was assessed over smear microscopy for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary samples from patients suspected to have tuberculosis. METHODS: A total of 37 clinical samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 133 from patients with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis were subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining for smear preparation and PCR for detection of mycobacterial DNA. RESULTS: It was observed that 100 per cent of acid fast bacilli (AFB) positive and 35.7 per cent of AFB negative pulmonary samples and 82.76 per cent of AFB positive and 56.73 per cent of AFB negative extra-pulmonary samples were positive for mycobacterial DNA detection. Total positivity rates of DNA amplification method in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary samples were 75.67 per cent and 61.7 per cent respectively which were significantly higher in comparison with AFB positivity, which was 62.16 per cent in pulmonary and 21.8 per cent in extra-pulmonary samples (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 respectively). INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Routine application of DNA amplification method in diagnosis of AFB negative patients with pulmonary or extra-pulmonary tuberculosis may be a useful tool for detection of M. tuberculosis.
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Bacteriological Techniques/statistics & numerical data , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Female , Humans , India , Male , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosisABSTRACT
A case of Meige's syndrome is reported who presented with blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia along with dislocation of jaw, due to severe dystonia. Such severe form of dystonia are very rare.
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Adult , Blepharospasm/diagnosis , Developing Countries , Joint Dislocations/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Meige Syndrome/diagnosis , Neurologic Examination , Temporomandibular Joint/injuriesABSTRACT
A study of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was carried out on 30 cases of acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA) to determine their role in precise diagnosis and prognosis of the cases. The CSF GOT and LDH activities were well correlated with the severity, mortality and peak and proper timing in relation to infarct, same is about serum GOT. A characteristic rise of GOT and LDH was observed in cerebral haemorrhage especially in fatal cases. However, in cerebral thrombosis and embolism specially in non-fatal cases, the enzyme change was not so marked. GOT and LDH enzyme pattern in CSF and serum may, therefore, serve as an early, relatively easy and widely available tool for differential diagnosis and prognosis of cases of acute CVA.